Positive form
| Active: Verb + object |
| Passive: Let + object + be + past participle |
Example:
- Speak English. (active)
- Let English be spoken. (passive)
- Drink beer. (active)
- Let beer be drunk. (passive)
Negative form
| Active: Don’t + verb + object |
| Passive: Let + object + not + be + past participle |
Example:
- Don’t eat pizza. (active)
- Let pizza not be eaten. (passive)
- Don’t use computer. (active)
- Let computer not be used. (passive)
2) INVINITIVE PASSIVE:
| Active: Subject + verb + to-infinitive + object |
| Passive: Subject + verb + object + to-be + past participle |
Example
- He wants to play football. (active)
- He wants football to be played. (passive)
- My brother expects to find a job soon. (active)
- My brother expects a job to be found soon. (passive)
NOTE: When we want to form question, we use auxiliary verb do, does, did, and negative sentence we use auxiliary verb do, does, did + not + infinitive.
Example:
- Do you need your computer to be updated? (active)
- Did our manager start to be respected? (passive)
- She does not want our books to be printed. (active)
- They did not take the car to be repainted. (passive)
3) GERUND PASSIVE:
| Active: Subject + verb + gerund + object |
| Passive: Subject + verb + object + being + past participle |
Example:
- We like having lunch at a restaurant. (active)
- We like lunch being had at a restaurant. (passive)
- He admitted breaking the window. (active)
- He admitted the window being broken. (passive)
NOTE: When we want to form question, we use auxiliary verb do, does, did, and negative sentence we use auxiliary verb do, does, did + not + infinitive.
4) TWO-DIFFERENT-PATTERN PASSIVE WITH AN ACTIVE SENTENCE
In an active sentence, a verb of giving can have two different patterns after it. They both have the same meaning.
Active:
- The Queen gave a medal to the businessman.
- The Queen gave the businessman a medal.
Passive:
- A medal was given to the businessman.
- The businessman was given a medal.
NOTE: Either a medal or the businessman can be the subject of a passive sentence.
Verbs in this pattern are:
| give, send, pay, lend, hand, sell, promise, show, offer, teach, owe, award, grant, allow, leave (in a will) and feed. |
5) IT IS SAID (THAT) … or HE IS SAID TO …
We can use a special pattern with verbs of reporting when we do not need to know who is doing the reporting.
Example:
- People say the bridge is unsafe. (active)
- It is said the bridge is unsafe, or the bridge is said to be unsafe. (passive)
- Most students expect the result is good. (active)
- It is expected the result is good, or the result is expected to be good. (passive)
Verbs in this pattern are:
| say, report, mention, announce, think, believe, understand, agree, decide, know, find, expect, hope, regret, fear, intend, arrange… |
NOTE: The verbs write in bold are only used in the infinitive pattern.
