WILL AND BE GOING TO

WILL is used to talk about:

1) An offer or willingness.

Example:

- I will give you gift tomorrow.

- Don’t be scared! I will be here with until the sun rises.

2) Asking and ordering somebody to do something in the future.

Example:

- Will you be quiet?

- Will you send me some money?

3) Future fact—the action is sure to occur in the future.

Example:

- She will win the beauty contest next week.

- French will lose the football match in the last round.

4) Prediction in the future without evidence.

Example:

- I think it will rain this evening.

- The traffic accidence will take place this morning.

5) Something we decided to do at the moment of speaking.

Example:

A: This box is too heavy!

B: Don’t worry! I will help you.

BE GOING TO is used to talk about:

1) Prediction in the future with evidence.

Example:

- Look! The sky is full of dark clouds. It is going to rain now.

- The battery of this computer is too low. It is going to run out of the electricity now.

2) Something we have already decided to do. (Future plan or arrangement)

Example:

A: What is your purpose to Cambodia?

B: I’m going to visit Angkor Wat.

NOTE: When we talk about things which we have already arranged to do or planned to do in the future, we can use the Present Continuous in stead of Be Going To.

Example:

- I’m having dinner with Zosie at Paramoun Restaurant.

- I’m going to have dinner with Zosie at Paramoun Restaurant.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE: We use the FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS to emphasize how long (duration) something has been going on by a particular point in the future.

Example:

- On Monday, they will have been living in this house for a year.

- Next year she will have been working in the company for 10 years.

- I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time Chenda gets home.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + will/shall + have + been + verb-ing + object/Complement

Example:

- Jonson will have been watching TV for an hour tomorrow.

- Next week, I will have been looking for a job for one year.

- On Saturday, Alan will have been going to visit Angkor Wat for a month.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + will/shall + not + have + been + verb-ing + obj/comp

Example:

- Next month, Cambodian people will not have been cultivating in this land for 10 years.

- By 5:00 p.m., people will not have been harvesting in the field for a full day.

- Next week, they will not have been providing people with fertilizer and seeds for a year.

Question:

Will/Shall + sub + have + been + verb-ing + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Next year, will you have been working for the private company for 3 years?

- By next month, will the boss have been holding his position for 6 years?

- On June 24, will she have been keeping in touch with him for 7 months?

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

USE: We use FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE to talk about something that will be ended, completed, or achieved by a particular point (certain time) in the future.

Example:

- By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

- Let’s hope the volcanic eruption will have finished before we arrive on the island.

- The film will have already started by the time we get to the cinema.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + will/shall + have + past participle + object/Complement

Example:

- I will have graduated in June.

- Johny will have finished breakfast by 7:00.

- They will have worked here for a year next summer.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + will/shall + not + have + past participle + obj/comp

Example:

- By next week, she will not have paid a formal visit to US for a month.

- We will not have attracted the potential investor for 10 years by early next year.

- I will not have ruined the building for a week by next Sunday.

Question:

Will/Shall + sub + have + past participle + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Will they have addicted to the drug for a year by next month?

- Will you have invested in trading field in Cambodia for years by next month?

- Will the UK have refused to recognize the new regime for 2 years by 2005?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

USE: We use FUTURE CONTINUOUS to talk about:

1) An activity or event going on at a particular time or over a particular period in the future.

Example:

- Next Friday, the President will be celebrating ten years in power.

- The plane will be traveling at the speed of sound when it passes overhead.

- I will be saying more about that topic in my next lecture.

2) A future activity or event is the result of a previous decision or arrangement.

Example:

- He will be taking up his place at university in January. (the result of a previous decision)

- She will be performing every day until the end of the month. (part of a schedule)

- We will be going to my brother’s house again for Christmas. (we always go there)

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object/complement

Example:

- We will be leaving for England at 7:30 in the morning.

- I will be seeing Tony on Wednesday.

- They will be going on holiday with many friends next month.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + will/shall + not + be + verb-ing + obj/comp

Example:

- After operation you will not be doing any sport for a while.

- The prime minister will not be giving a press conference at the next section.

- The government will not be confronting the house problem in the inner cities next time.

Question:

Will/Shall + sub + be + verb-ing + obj/comp ?

Example:

- What will you be doing this time next week?

- Will Jimy be going out this morning?

- Shall we be using our camera at the next weekend?

FUTURE SIMPLE

USE: We use FUTURE SIMPLE to talk about an action or a situation which will be true or will happen in the future time.

Example:

- The global economy will be better soon.

- The Earth will become hotter and hotter.

- I will call you tomorrow.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + will/shall + infinitive + object/complement

Example:

- The announcement will release tomorrow on the newspaper.

- We shall meet each other at the restaurant near my place.

- They will paint their house with new color.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + will/shall + not + infinitive + obj/comp

Example:

- The police will not arrest non-mistake people.

- It will not have heavy rain tonight.

- Foreign government shall not supply food to the refugees next week.

Contractions:

will not = won’t

shall not = shan’t

Question:

Will/Shall + sub + infinitive + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Shall we meet at 2:00 this afternoon?

- Will you fly to Canada this evening?

- What shall I wear to the party tonight?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE: We use PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS to talk about the continuity or duration of a situation or activity which had been in progress up to the past time.

Example:

- We had been playing about half an hour when it started to rain very heavy.

- Jim had been drinking coffee for 20 years before he quitted it.

- I was very tired when I got home because I had been walking hard all day.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object/complement

Example:

- I had been waiting for you for an hour.

- We had been playing soccer for three hours.

- They had been working hard today.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + had + not + been + verb-ing + obj/comp

Example:

- She had not been suffering from flu.

- They had not been working for two years

- I had not been expecting the news for some time.

Question:

Had + sub + been + verb-ing + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Had Jame been driving for five hours before his car broke down?

- Had you been sitting at the platform for an hour?

- Had they been dancing all night?

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

USE: We use PAST PERFECT SIMPLE to talk about a past situation or activity that took place before another past situation or activity, or before a particular time in the past.

Example:

- When I got home, my mother had cooked already.

- When Chenda arrived at the party, Nara had gone home.

- We aren’t hungry because we had just had lunch.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + had + past participle + object/complement

Example:

- The train had left at 7:00.

- John had gone to Camcodia.

- We had gotten a letter from USA.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + had + not + past participle + obj/comp

Example:

- Dara had not visited anywhere.

- They had not gone to China.

- She had not changed her house.

Question:

Had + sub + past participle + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Had you studied English before?

- Had they lived in Malaysia?

- Had she left home to Japan?

PAST CONTINUOUS

USE: We use PAST CONTINUOUS to talk about something which is in progress in the past time. The action or situation had started but it had not finished at that time.

Example:

- I saw you were waiting for the train this morning.

- Last week this time, I was driving a car.

- Yesterday evening, they were playing tennis.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + was/were + verb-ing + object/complement

Example:

- I was reading my lesson at 9 o’clock last night.

- They were doing exercise this morning.

- Sophy was writing a letter to her friend at 10 a.m.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + was/were + not + verb-ing + obj/comp

Example:

- Yesterday morning, I was not cleaning my clothes.

- Last night this time, Dany was not sleeping.

- You were not doing your homework at 8 o’clock last night.

Question:

Was/Were + sub + verb-ing + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Where were you going yesterday morning?

- Were you watching TV this evening?

- What were you doing at 11 o’clock this afternoon?

PAST SIMPLE

USE: We use PAST SIMPLE to talk about an action which happened and completely finished in the past (past action or situation) with the definite time expression.

Here are some definite time expressions.

last Monday, last week, last month, last year, last summer, yesterday, before yesterday, one year ago, in January, in 2008…

Example:

- I went to Russia last month.

- They arrived Cambodia at 5 p.m.

- She joined a part with me yesterday.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + past verb + Object/Complement

Example:

- I met my old friend this morning.

- Jony watched TV alone last night.

- They had a party last week.

Negative Sentence₁:

Sub + did + not + infinitive + obj/comp

Example:

- She did not buy anything from the market this evening.

- He did not get married last month.

Negative Sentence₂:

Sub + past modal verb + not + infinitive + obj/comp

Example:

- They could not sing yesterday.

- You would not wish anything last night.

Negative Sentence₃:

Sub + was/were + not + obj/comp

Example:

- She was not happy yesterday.

- We are not at Phnom Penh this morning.

Question₁:

Did + sub + infinitive + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Did you finish you work this afternoon?

- Did they get a letter from USA last week?

Question₂:

Past modal verb + sub + infinitive + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Could she dance in the wedding party last night?

- Would you leave the party early last night?

Question₃:

Was/Were + sub + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Was he good-looking in the event yesterday?

- Were you bored this evening?

PRESENT PERFECT CONINUOUS

USE: We use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS to talk about:

1) Something which started in the past and has been in progress up to the present.

Example:

- We have been working all day.

- They have been waiting for an hours.

- John has been living in Cambodia for over two years now.

2) An action has been in progress up to the recent past, especially when the action has results in the present.

Example:

- It’s been raining.

- Nancy looks well. She has been exercising a lot to lose weight.

- “Haven’t seen anything of Jimy for a while”. “No, he has been working in USA”.

3) Repeated actions or situations in a period up to the present or the recent past.

Example:

- I have been driving license for a year.

- They have been living in China for 5 years.

- Dany has been working NIS for seven months.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + obj/comp

Example:

- He has been watching TV all day.

- I have been looking for you for an hour.

- We have been studying English since 2008.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + have/has + not + been + verb-ing + obj/Comp

Example:

- Nara has not been feeling very well recently.

- They have not been working hard these days.

- We have not been finding out our money.

Question:

Have/Has + sub + been + verb-ing + obj/comp ?

Example:

- How long has it been snowing?

- How long have you living in Cambodia?

- What have you been doing at the moment?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

USE: We use PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE to talk about:

1) The action which has happened in the past and continue until now.

Example:

- I have learned English for three years.

- He has become a doctor since 2009.

- Jame has stopped working for two years until now.

2) The action that happened in the past, but the result is in present.

Example:

- We have built a house for our children.

- Michael has written a letter to his friend in Cambodia.

- I have made a company.

3) The action which has just finished at the moment of speaking (recent past action).

Example:

- John has just arrived home this morning.

- We have eaten rice at the moment.

- They have just finished work now.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + have/has + past participle + object/complement

Example:

- They have gone home now.

- A lot of people have moved their houses.

- Jany has arranged his office today.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + have/has + not + past participle + obj/comp

Example:

- They have not been in Cambodia.

- The global economy has not recovered yet.

- The environment problems have not completely solved.

Question:

Have/Has + sub + past participle + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Has she gotten married?

- Have you changed your work?

- Have you heard the information about our friends?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

USE: We use PRESENT CONTINUOS to talk about:

1) Moment of Speaking: An activity that is taking place right now.

Example:

- They are reading newspaper.

- She is writing a letter to her friend.

- I am listening to the radio.

2) Temporary Situation: An action which is occurring temporarily or around now.

Example:

- John is staying in Cambodia.

- I am studying at Phnom Penh International University.

- Dara and Kanitha are building a new house.

3) Future Plan: An action that we have already arranged to do in the future.

Example:

- I am flying to the USA this afternoon.

- Kanha is visiting her homeland next week.

- They are having a party tonight.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence:

Subject + be + verb-ing + (object/complement)

Example:

- I am laughing.

- He is speaking English.

- We are feeling bored.

Negative Sentence:

Sub + be + not + verb-ing + (obj/comp)

Example:

- The car is not running properly.

- They are not sleeping.

- I am not going to the market.

Question:

Be + sub + verb-ing + (obj/comp) ?

Example:

- Am I listening to music?

- Is that man talking to Jame?

- Are those people playing sport?

PRESENT SIMPLE

USE: We use PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about:

1) Permanent Situations: An action or a situation is generally or permanently true.

Example:

- We are English teachers at International School.

- Bopha lives in Cambodia.

- They have a lot of friends in the class.

2) Routines: An action or something which we do regularly.

Example:

- Ratha always gets up at 5.30 and does exercises every morning.

- He goes to school by bicycle everyday.

- When he has free time, he plays football with his friends.

3) Facts: Something which is in scientific.

Example:

- The earth moves round the sun.

- Spiders have eight legs.

- Aspirin is a medicine used to relieve headache.

4) Programs and Timetables: Something which is already prepared and organized with definite time expression in the schedule for the future action.

Example:

- The train to Sihanouk Ville leaves at 7.30 and gets in to the station at 10.30.

- The call in program starts at 8.25.

- My work starts at 7:00 a.m. and finishes at 5:00 p.m.

FORMULA

Positive Sentence₁:

Subject + bare infinitive + (object/complement)

Example:

- She cries.

- All Cambodian people are very friendly.

- Children eat ice-cream.

Positive Sentence₁:

Sub + modal verb + bare infinitive + (obj/comp)

Example:

- They can listen in English.

- You should study hard.

Negative Sentence₁:

Sub + be + not + obj/comp

Example:

- We are not students.

- That man is not happy.

Negative Sentence₂:

Sub + modal verb + not + bare infinitive + (obj/comp)

Example:

- It may not rain.

- Students should not do bad things.

- You cannot be happy.

Negative Sentence₃:

Sub + do/does + not + normal verb + (obj/comp)

Example:

- They do not laugh.

- Dara does not drink beer.

- Many people do not get up late.

Question₁:

Be + Sub + obj/comp ?

Example:

- Is Chenda a businesswoman?

- Are your students clever?

Question₂:

Modal verb + sub + bare infinitive + (obj/comp) ?

Example:

- Should you smile?

- Can Sitha speak English?

- May you move away from here?

Question₃:

Do/Does + sub + bare infinitive + (obj/comp) ?

Example:

- Do people have to marry?

- Does John teach English?

- Do you feel exhausted?